Cocoa marketing and the socioeconomic development of rural communities: A cross-sectional study of Mabere Sub-County, Bundibugyo District.

Abstract

Background

This study examined the relationship between cocoa marketing and the socio-economic development of Mabere Sub-County, Bundibugyo District.

 Methodology

A descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional survey design was employed. The study population comprised 3,000 stakeholders involved in cocoa marketing within Mabere Sub-County. A sample size of 341 respondents was selected. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were applied to ensure representation and relevance. Primary data were collected using questionnaires complemented by a documentary review checklist for secondary data. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

 Results

The study achieved a 73.3% response rate (n=250), with respondents predominantly male (64.8%), aged 31–40 years (48.4%), and mostly married (73.6%). Findings revealed that cocoa marketing in Mabere Sub County is dominated by informal channels, mainly through middlemen (Mean=4.343), with limited cooperative participation (Mean=2.111) and minimal government price regulation (Mean=1.173). Price volatility (Mean=4.087) and high transaction costs (Mean=4.138) were major challenges. Socio-economic indicators were generally low (Mean=2.144), reflecting inadequate income, poor infrastructure, and limited access to healthcare, education, and electricity. Correlation analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between cocoa marketing and socio-economic development (r=0.462, p=0.032), while regression confirmed a modest yet significant predictive effect (β=0.257, R²=0.611, p<0.001). Additionally, farmers reported low bargaining power, limited market information, and dependency on buyers who dictate prices, further constraining income growth and sustainability.

Conclusion

Cocoa marketing positively affects socio-economic development in Mabere Sub-County, though its impact is modest and statistically significant.

 Recommendation

Strengthening cooperative marketing, stabilizing cocoa prices, and improving rural infrastructure to enhance farmers’ incomes and promote sustainable socio-economic development in Mabere Sub-County.